Farm Bill in Wyoming

1. What is the current status of the Farm Bill in Wyoming?

As of the current year, the Farm Bill in Wyoming is in effect as the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, commonly known as the 2018 Farm Bill, is still the governing legislation for agricultural and food policy in the state. This federal legislation impacts various agricultural aspects in Wyoming, including crop insurance, commodity programs, conservation, trade, nutrition assistance, and rural development. The Farm Bill plays a crucial role in providing support and stability to farmers and ranchers in the state, as well as ensuring food security and conservation efforts. It is essential for Wyoming’s agricultural community to stay informed about the provisions and programs outlined in the Farm Bill to make the most out of the opportunities and assistance it offers.

2. How does the Farm Bill impact Wyoming’s agricultural sector?

The Farm Bill impacts Wyoming’s agricultural sector in several ways:

1. Crop Insurance: The Farm Bill provides federal crop insurance programs that are crucial for Wyoming farmers to manage risks and ensure stability in their operations. This help protects them against potential losses due to natural disasters, price fluctuations, or other unforeseen events.

2. Conservation Programs: The Farm Bill also includes funding for various conservation programs that support sustainable agricultural practices in Wyoming. Farmers in the state can access resources and assistance to promote conservation efforts on their lands, such as soil health initiatives, water quality improvement projects, and wildlife habitat preservation.

3. Rural Development: The Farm Bill allocates resources for rural development programs that benefit Wyoming’s agricultural communities. This can include funding for infrastructure projects, small business development, broadband expansion, and other initiatives that help strengthen rural economies and support agricultural producers throughout the state.

Overall, the Farm Bill plays a significant role in shaping the landscape of Wyoming’s agricultural sector by providing essential support, resources, and programs that help farmers navigate challenges, promote sustainability, and foster growth in the industry.

3. What are the key priorities for Wyoming farmers in the Farm Bill?

The key priorities for Wyoming farmers in the Farm Bill typically revolve around supporting the state’s diverse agricultural sector and addressing the specific needs of farmers in the region. Some of the key priorities for Wyoming farmers in the Farm Bill may include:

1. Crop insurance and risk management programs: Given the unpredictable weather conditions and market fluctuations in the state, Wyoming farmers often prioritize access to robust crop insurance programs and risk management tools to help mitigate financial risks associated with agricultural production.

2. Conservation programs: Wyoming farmers place a significant emphasis on conservation practices to protect water resources, reduce soil erosion, and enhance wildlife habitat on their land. They look for Farm Bill provisions that support voluntary conservation programs and provide incentives for sustainable farming practices.

3. Access to markets and export opportunities: Wyoming farmers seek provisions in the Farm Bill that promote access to domestic and international markets, as well as support programs that facilitate exports of Wyoming agricultural products. Strengthening trade relationships and market development initiatives are crucial priorities for farmers in the state.

Overall, Wyoming farmers look for Farm Bill policies that not only support their individual operations but also contribute to the overall resilience and sustainability of the state’s agricultural industry.

4. How does the Farm Bill address conservation efforts in Wyoming?

The Farm Bill addresses conservation efforts in Wyoming through several key programs and initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable practices and protecting natural resources. Some ways in which the Farm Bill supports conservation in Wyoming include:

1. Conservation Reserve Program (CRP): The Farm Bill allocates funding for the CRP, which provides financial incentives to farmers and ranchers in Wyoming who voluntarily set aside environmentally sensitive land for conservation purposes. This program helps reduce soil erosion, improve water quality, and enhance wildlife habitat.

2. Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP): This program offers financial and technical assistance to agricultural producers in Wyoming to implement conservation practices on their lands, such as installing water conservation structures, planting cover crops, and establishing wildlife habitats. EQIP helps producers improve the sustainability of their operations while protecting the environment.

3. Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP): CSP provides financial assistance to farmers and ranchers in Wyoming who are already implementing conservation practices on their lands and want to take their efforts to the next level. Through CSP, producers can receive payments for actively managing and maintaining their conservation activities.

Overall, the Farm Bill plays a crucial role in supporting conservation efforts in Wyoming by providing the necessary funding and resources for farmers and ranchers to adopt sustainable practices that benefit both their operations and the environment.

5. What are the major changes or updates in the latest Farm Bill affecting Wyoming farmers?

The latest Farm Bill, officially known as the Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018, introduced several changes that have impacted Wyoming farmers. Here are some major changes or updates that have affected farmers in Wyoming:

1. Conservation Programs: The 2018 Farm Bill increased funding for various conservation programs that support sustainable farming practices in Wyoming. This includes programs aimed at soil health, water conservation, and wildlife habitat protection, providing more opportunities for Wyoming farmers to engage in conservation efforts on their land.

2. Crop Insurance: The Farm Bill made adjustments to the crop insurance program, offering more flexibility and options for Wyoming farmers to protect their crops against natural disasters, price fluctuations, and other risks. This is crucial for farmers in Wyoming who face unique challenges due to the state’s climate and geographical conditions.

3. Hemp Legalization: One significant change in the latest Farm Bill was the legalization of hemp production, removing it from the list of controlled substances and allowing for the cultivation of industrial hemp for commercial purposes. This has opened up new opportunities for farmers in Wyoming to diversify their crops and enter the growing hemp market.

4. Access to Loans and Credit: The Farm Bill included provisions to improve access to loans and credit for farmers, including those in Wyoming. These provisions aim to support farmers during challenging economic times and provide them with the financial resources needed to sustain and grow their operations.

Overall, the latest Farm Bill has brought about several changes and updates that have had a significant impact on Wyoming farmers, offering new opportunities, resources, and support to help them thrive in the agricultural sector.

6. How does the Farm Bill support rural development in Wyoming?

The Farm Bill supports rural development in Wyoming through various programs and initiatives aimed at promoting economic growth, infrastructure improvement, and community vitality in rural areas. Some ways in which the Farm Bill specifically benefits rural development in Wyoming include:

1. Rural Business Development Programs: The Farm Bill provides funding for programs that support rural businesses and entrepreneurs in Wyoming, helping them access capital, technical assistance, and resources to grow and create jobs in their communities.

2. Rural Infrastructure Investments: The Farm Bill allocates funding for vital infrastructure projects in rural Wyoming, such as improving roads, bridges, water systems, and broadband connectivity. These investments help stimulate local economies and attract businesses to the area.

3. Conservation Programs: The Farm Bill includes conservation programs that assist farmers and ranchers in implementing sustainable practices that conserve natural resources and protect the environment in rural Wyoming. These programs not only benefit the land but also contribute to the long-term economic viability of rural communities.

By addressing the unique challenges and opportunities facing rural communities in Wyoming, the Farm Bill plays a crucial role in supporting rural development and fostering a thriving agricultural economy in the state.

7. How does the Farm Bill impact Wyoming’s ranchers and livestock producers?

The Farm Bill impacts Wyoming’s ranchers and livestock producers in several key ways.

1. Crop insurance: The Farm Bill provides crop insurance programs that help protect ranchers and livestock producers from potential losses due to natural disasters, pests, and other unforeseen circumstances. This insurance provides a safety net for producers, ensuring they can continue their operations even in the face of adversity.

2. Conservation programs: The Farm Bill includes various conservation programs that support sustainable land management practices on ranches and livestock operations in Wyoming. These programs help producers protect soil and water resources, preserve wildlife habitats, and promote overall environmental stewardship.

3. Livestock assistance: The Farm Bill includes provisions for livestock disaster assistance programs that help ranchers recover from losses due to events like droughts, wildfires, and disease outbreaks. These programs provide crucial support to Wyoming’s livestock producers during tough times.

4. Market access and trade promotion: The Farm Bill includes measures to support market access for Wyoming’s agricultural products, including beef and other livestock products. By fostering international trade relationships and promoting exports, the Farm Bill helps ranchers and livestock producers in Wyoming access new markets and increase their profitability.

Overall, the Farm Bill plays a significant role in supporting Wyoming’s ranchers and livestock producers by providing crucial resources, support programs, and market opportunities that contribute to the resilience and success of the state’s agricultural industry.

8. What resources are available for Wyoming farmers to navigate the Farm Bill programs?

1. Wyoming farmers have access to various resources to navigate the Farm Bill programs, including the local offices of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). These offices often have staff members who are well-versed in the different programs available under the Farm Bill and can provide guidance and assistance to farmers looking to participate in these programs.

2. Additionally, the University of Wyoming Extension may offer workshops, training sessions, and online resources to help farmers understand the Farm Bill programs and how they can benefit from them. Extension agents can provide valuable information and support to farmers seeking to navigate the complexities of the Farm Bill.

3. Wyoming farmers can also seek assistance from agricultural organizations and associations, such as the Wyoming Farm Bureau Federation or the Wyoming Stock Growers Association. These organizations often have resources and experts who can help farmers navigate the various programs and requirements of the Farm Bill.

Overall, Wyoming farmers have a range of resources at their disposal to help them navigate the Farm Bill programs and take advantage of the opportunities they offer. By utilizing these resources and seeking assistance from knowledgeable experts, farmers can make informed decisions that benefit their operations and contribute to the sustainability of agriculture in Wyoming.

9. How has the Farm Bill historically impacted Wyoming’s agricultural economy?

The Farm Bill has historically had a significant impact on Wyoming’s agricultural economy in several ways:

1. Conservation Programs: The Farm Bill typically includes provisions for conservation programs that provide financial assistance to farmers and ranchers in Wyoming to implement conservation practices on their land. These programs help improve soil health, protect water quality, and enhance wildlife habitat, contributing to the overall sustainability of the state’s agricultural sector.

2. Crop Insurance: The Farm Bill also includes provisions for crop insurance programs that help mitigate the financial risks associated with farming in Wyoming. By providing a safety net for producers in times of crop failure or market fluctuations, these programs have helped stabilize farm incomes and support continued agricultural production in the state.

3. Commodity Support: Wyoming producers of commodities such as wheat, barley, and hay have benefited from commodity support programs included in the Farm Bill. These programs provide price and income support to producers, helping to ensure a stable agricultural economy in the state.

Overall, the Farm Bill plays a crucial role in supporting Wyoming’s agricultural economy by providing financial assistance, risk management tools, and conservation incentives to producers across the state.

10. What are the key provisions related to crop insurance in the Farm Bill for Wyoming farmers?

In the Farm Bill, there are several key provisions related to crop insurance that are particularly relevant to Wyoming farmers:

1. Premium Subsidies: The Farm Bill provides subsidies to help farmers in Wyoming afford crop insurance. These subsidies help reduce the cost of insurance premiums, making it more accessible for farmers in the state.

2. Crop Insurance Options: The Farm Bill offers a range of crop insurance options for Wyoming farmers to choose from based on their specific needs and risk factors. This includes coverage for different types of crops and protection against various perils such as drought, excessive moisture, and natural disasters.

3. Supplemental Coverage Option (SCO): The SCO is a provision under the Farm Bill that allows farmers in Wyoming to purchase additional coverage on top of their existing crop insurance policies. This helps enhance their risk management strategies and provides added protection against yield and revenue losses.

4. Livestock Risk Protection (LRP): The Farm Bill also includes provisions for livestock insurance, such as the LRP program, which helps Wyoming livestock producers mitigate risks associated with fluctuating market prices and adverse weather conditions.

5. Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP): This program, included in the Farm Bill, provides financial assistance to Wyoming farmers for crops that are not eligible for traditional crop insurance policies. It serves as a safety net for producers facing losses due to natural disasters or other catastrophic events.

Wyoming farmers can take advantage of these key provisions related to crop insurance in the Farm Bill to protect their crops and livelihoods against various risks and uncertainties.

11. How does the Farm Bill address climate change and its impact on Wyoming agriculture?

The Farm Bill addresses climate change and its impact on Wyoming agriculture through various provisions aimed at promoting sustainable farming practices and resilience to climate-related challenges.

1. Conservation Programs: The Farm Bill allocates funding for conservation programs that help farmers in Wyoming implement practices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve soil health, and conserve water resources. These programs support initiatives such as carbon sequestration, nutrient management, and wetland restoration to mitigate the effects of climate change on agricultural lands.

2. Research Funding: The Farm Bill includes provisions for research funding to support the development of climate-resilient crops and farming techniques. Research initiatives funded through the bill focus on increasing crop yields, enhancing drought tolerance, and adapting to changing weather patterns in Wyoming.

3. Risk Management Tools: The Farm Bill provides support for risk management tools such as crop insurance programs that help farmers in Wyoming mitigate the financial impacts of extreme weather events and other climate-related risks. These programs offer protection against crop losses due to weather-related disasters, providing farmers with a safety net during times of uncertainty.

Overall, the Farm Bill plays a crucial role in addressing climate change and its impact on Wyoming agriculture by promoting sustainable practices, supporting research efforts, and providing risk management tools to help farmers adapt to a changing climate.

12. What funding opportunities are available for Wyoming farmers through the Farm Bill?

1. The Farm Bill offers several funding opportunities for Wyoming farmers to support a variety of agricultural activities and initiatives. Some of the key programs that provide financial assistance include:
2. Conservation Programs: The Farm Bill allocates funding for conservation programs such as the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and the Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) which assist farmers in implementing conservation practices to improve soil health, water quality, and wildlife habitat on their farms.
3. Commodity Programs: Wyoming farmers may also benefit from various commodity programs that provide support for crops such as wheat, barley, and pulses through price supports, crop insurance, and disaster assistance.
4. Rural Development Programs: The Farm Bill includes funding for rural development programs that can help Wyoming farmers access financing for infrastructure improvements, business development, and value-added agricultural projects.
5. Specialty Crop Programs: Funding is available through the Specialty Crop Block Grant Program to support the production and marketing of specialty crops such as fruits, vegetables, and nuts in Wyoming.
6. Research and Extension Programs: The Farm Bill supports agricultural research and extension activities that can benefit Wyoming farmers through programs like the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) and the Extension Risk Management Education Program.
7. It is important for Wyoming farmers to stay informed about the various funding opportunities available through the Farm Bill by regularly checking with their local USDA office, Extension service, or agricultural organizations for updates and application deadlines. By taking advantage of these programs, Wyoming farmers can enhance their operations, improve sustainability, and remain competitive in the agricultural marketplace.

13. How does the Farm Bill address water resource management in Wyoming?

1. The Farm Bill addresses water resource management in Wyoming through various provisions aimed at supporting conservation efforts, improving water quality, and enhancing water efficiency in agricultural practices. Specifically, the Farm Bill provides funding for programs such as the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), which help farmers and ranchers implement practices that conserve water resources and protect water quality.

2. EQIP offers financial assistance to farmers for implementing conservation practices like irrigation efficiency improvements, water storage and conveyance systems, and fencing to prevent livestock access to water bodies. These practices help reduce water waste and improve the overall health of watersheds in Wyoming.

3. The CRP incentivizes landowners to protect environmentally sensitive land by planting cover crops, grass buffers, or restoring wetlands, which can help improve water quality by reducing runoff and filtering pollutants before they reach water bodies.

4. Additionally, the Farm Bill includes provisions for water infrastructure development and maintenance, which is essential for ensuring reliable water supplies for agricultural production in Wyoming. By investing in irrigation infrastructure upgrades and water storage projects, the Farm Bill helps farmers better manage their water resources and adapt to changing water availability due to factors like drought or climate change.

5. Overall, the Farm Bill plays a crucial role in supporting water resource management efforts in Wyoming by providing financial and technical assistance to farmers and ranchers to implement conservation practices that improve water quality, enhance water efficiency, and ensure sustainable use of water resources in agricultural operations.

14. What provisions in the Farm Bill support beginning farmers and ranchers in Wyoming?

1. The Farm Bill contains specific provisions aimed at supporting beginning farmers and ranchers in Wyoming, such as the Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program (BFRDP). This program provides grants to organizations that offer training, education, outreach, and technical assistance to help new and aspiring farmers and ranchers succeed.

2. Additionally, the Farm Bill allocates funding for the USDA’s Farm Service Agency (FSA) to provide targeted support to beginning farmers and ranchers through various programs. These may include access to low-interest loans, assistance with land acquisition, and guidance on risk management strategies.

3. Another important provision within the Farm Bill that benefits beginning farmers and ranchers in Wyoming is the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). This program offers financial incentives to farmers and ranchers to establish conservation practices on their land, which can help reduce financial risk and enhance the long-term sustainability of their operations.

4. Furthermore, the Farm Bill includes provisions related to crop insurance policies that can help mitigate the financial risks associated with farming for beginning farmers and ranchers in Wyoming. These policies provide a safety net in case of crop failures or other unforeseen events, giving new farmers added confidence as they establish their operations.

Overall, the Farm Bill plays a crucial role in providing vital support and resources to beginning farmers and ranchers in Wyoming, helping them overcome challenges and build successful agricultural businesses.

15. How does the Farm Bill address food security and nutrition programs in Wyoming?

The Farm Bill addresses food security and nutrition programs in Wyoming through several key provisions:

1. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly known as food stamps, is a critical component of the Farm Bill that helps low-income individuals and families in Wyoming access nutritious food. The Farm Bill sets funding levels and eligibility requirements for SNAP, ensuring that vulnerable populations have access to the food they need.

2. The Farm Bill also supports nutrition education programs, such as the Nutrition Education and Obesity Prevention Grant Program, which provides funding for initiatives aimed at promoting healthy eating habits and reducing obesity rates in Wyoming.

3. Additionally, the Farm Bill includes support for the Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP), which provides nutritious food packages to low-income seniors in Wyoming. This program helps address food insecurity among vulnerable populations who may have difficulty accessing or affording nutritious food on their own.

Overall, the Farm Bill plays a crucial role in addressing food security and nutrition programs in Wyoming by providing funding and support for initiatives that aim to ensure all residents have access to healthy and affordable food options.

16. What are the implications of the Farm Bill on Wyoming’s rural communities?

The Farm Bill has significant implications on Wyoming’s rural communities. Here are some key points:

1. Support for Agriculture: The Farm Bill provides critical support for Wyoming farmers and ranchers through various programs such as crop insurance, commodity programs, and conservation initiatives. This support helps to stabilize farm incomes and ensure the viability of agricultural operations in rural communities.

2. Rural Development: The Farm Bill includes provisions for rural development programs that can benefit communities in Wyoming. These programs support infrastructure improvements, business development, and access to essential services, which are vital for the economic well-being of rural areas.

3. Conservation: The Farm Bill includes conservation programs that help farmers and ranchers implement practices to protect natural resources and improve environmental sustainability. These efforts not only benefit the land and water resources in rural Wyoming but also contribute to the long-term health of these communities.

4. Nutrition Assistance: While not directly tied to rural communities, the nutrition assistance programs under the Farm Bill play a critical role in supporting low-income individuals and families, including those living in rural areas. Access to these programs can help alleviate food insecurity and improve the overall well-being of rural residents.

Overall, the Farm Bill plays a vital role in supporting Wyoming’s rural communities by providing essential resources, promoting sustainable agriculture practices, and addressing the unique challenges faced by rural areas.

17. How does the Farm Bill address trade and export opportunities for Wyoming agricultural products?

The Farm Bill plays a crucial role in addressing trade and export opportunities for Wyoming agricultural products by implementing various programs and provisions that support and promote agricultural trade. Here are some ways the Farm Bill addresses trade and export opportunities specific to Wyoming:

1. Market Access Programs: The Farm Bill allocates funding for Market Access Programs (MAPs) which help Wyoming agricultural producers to promote their products in international markets. These programs provide resources for market research, technical assistance, and marketing activities to enhance the competitiveness of Wyoming agricultural products in foreign markets.

2. Export Promotion Programs: The Farm Bill also supports export promotion programs like the Foreign Market Development Program (FMD) and the Emerging Markets Program (EMP) which help Wyoming agricultural producers expand their export opportunities by facilitating trade missions, market development activities, and promotional campaigns in key international markets.

3. Trade Assistance Programs: In times of trade disruptions or market uncertainties, the Farm Bill includes provisions for trade assistance programs such as the Market Facilitation Program (MFP) and the Agricultural Trade Promotion Program (ATP) which provide financial support to Wyoming agricultural producers affected by trade disputes or challenges, helping them to navigate and access export opportunities.

Overall, the Farm Bill plays a significant role in fostering trade and export opportunities for Wyoming agricultural products by providing essential resources, support, and programs that enable producers to access and compete in global markets effectively.

18. What are the key challenges facing Wyoming farmers and how does the Farm Bill address them?

One of the key challenges facing Wyoming farmers is the unpredictability of weather conditions, which can lead to crop failures and financial losses. The Farm Bill addresses this issue by providing programs and resources for crop insurance and disaster assistance to help farmers recover from weather-related setbacks. Additionally, the Farm Bill supports conservation practices that can help mitigate the effects of extreme weather events on farmland.

Another challenge for Wyoming farmers is access to markets, especially for specialty crops or products. The Farm Bill includes provisions for promoting local and regional food systems, as well as supporting value-added agriculture initiatives that can help farmers diversify their market opportunities.

Furthermore, the Farm Bill addresses the challenge of aging farmer population in Wyoming by providing programs for beginning farmers and ranchers, including access to land, credit, and technical assistance. These initiatives aim to encourage the next generation of farmers to enter and succeed in agriculture.

Overall, the Farm Bill plays a crucial role in addressing various challenges facing Wyoming farmers by providing support for risk management, market access, and the sustainability of agricultural operations.

19. How are the conservation programs in the Farm Bill being utilized in Wyoming?

In Wyoming, the conservation programs within the Farm Bill are being utilized to support a range of conservation practices and initiatives that benefit the state’s agricultural and natural resources. Some of the key ways these programs are being utilized in Wyoming include:

1. Conservation Reserve Program (CRP): Landowners in Wyoming are using the CRP to voluntarily retire environmentally sensitive land from agricultural production and establish long-term resource-conserving plant species, such as grasses or trees, to improve water quality, reduce soil erosion, and enhance wildlife habitat.

2. Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP): Wyoming farmers and ranchers are accessing EQIP funds to implement conservation practices that reduce soil erosion, enhance water quality, improve irrigation efficiency, and address other resource concerns on their lands.

3. Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP): CSP is encouraging sustainable farming and ranching practices in Wyoming by providing financial and technical assistance to producers for actively managing and implementing conservation activities on their agricultural land.

4. Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP): Wyoming is participating in RCPP projects that bring together agricultural producers, landowners, and partners to collaboratively address conservation challenges in specific regions of the state, such as improving rangeland health or enhancing water quality.

Overall, the conservation programs in the Farm Bill are playing a crucial role in supporting Wyoming’s agricultural community in implementing sustainable conservation practices, protecting natural resources, and ensuring the long-term viability of the state’s rural landscapes.

20. What are the upcoming legislative changes or proposals related to the Farm Bill that may impact Wyoming agriculture?

As of the time of this response, there are a few key legislative changes and proposals related to the Farm Bill that may impact Wyoming agriculture:

1. The implementation of the 2023 Farm Bill: The upcoming farm bill, expected to be introduced in 2023, will likely bring about changes in various agricultural programs and policies that directly affect Wyoming farmers and ranchers. Stakeholders in Wyoming should closely monitor the development and implementation of this bill to understand how it will impact their operations.

2. Efforts to enhance conservation programs: There is a growing emphasis on promoting conservation practices in agriculture, and upcoming legislative changes may include increased funding or modifications to existing conservation programs under the Farm Bill. Wyoming producers should stay informed about these developments as they could potentially offer new opportunities or requirements for conservation practices on their lands.

3. Addressing climate change and sustainability: Given the increasing focus on addressing climate change and promoting sustainable agriculture practices, upcoming legislative changes related to the Farm Bill may include provisions aimed at incentivizing or supporting climate-smart farming practices in Wyoming. This could involve funding for carbon sequestration initiatives, renewable energy programs, or resilience measures for farmers facing climate-related challenges.

4. Support for rural development and infrastructure: Legislative proposals related to the Farm Bill may also include provisions to support rural development and infrastructure projects in Wyoming. This could involve funding for improving rural broadband access, investing in rural healthcare facilities, or enhancing transportation networks crucial for the state’s agricultural economy.

Overall, it is crucial for stakeholders in Wyoming agriculture to stay engaged with the legislative process and advocate for policies that support the unique needs and challenges faced by the state’s agricultural community.