Cleaning and Sanitizing Procedures in Kansas

1. What are the regulations governing cleaning and sanitizing procedures in Kansas?

In Kansas, cleaning and sanitizing procedures are regulated by the Kansas Department of Agriculture (KDA) and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE). These regulations ensure that food establishments maintain proper cleanliness and prevent the spread of foodborne illnesses. Here are some key aspects of the regulations governing cleaning and sanitizing procedures in Kansas:

1. Compliance with the Food Code: Food establishments in Kansas are required to comply with the Kansas Food Code, which outlines specific requirements for cleaning and sanitizing procedures.

2. Use of approved sanitizers: Kansas regulations specify the use of approved sanitizers for cleaning food contact surfaces, equipment, and utensils. These sanitizers must meet the requirements set by the Food Code.

3. Frequency of cleaning: Food establishments must establish and maintain a regular cleaning schedule for all areas of the facility, including equipment, work surfaces, and storage areas. Cleaning should be done as frequently as necessary to prevent contamination.

4. Employee training: Kansas regulations mandate that food establishment employees receive proper training on cleaning and sanitizing procedures to ensure compliance with state regulations and maintain food safety standards.

Overall, adhering to these regulations is crucial for ensuring the cleanliness and safety of food establishments in Kansas and preventing foodborne illnesses. It is essential for businesses to stay informed about the latest requirements and guidelines to maintain a safe and hygienic environment for both employees and patrons.

2. How often should cleaning and sanitizing procedures be performed in a foodservice establishment in Kansas?

In a foodservice establishment in Kansas, cleaning and sanitizing procedures should be performed regularly and consistently to maintain a safe and hygienic environment. Here are some general guidelines for the frequency of cleaning and sanitizing in such establishments:

1. Daily cleaning and sanitizing: High-touch surfaces, equipment, and food contact surfaces should be cleaned and sanitized daily to prevent the spread of contaminants and ensure food safety.

2. Throughout the day: Certain areas or items may require more frequent cleaning and sanitizing, especially during busy meal periods. This includes cleaning tables between customers, sanitizing utensils and cutting boards after each use, and ensuring that handwashing stations are well-stocked and maintained.

3. Weekly deep cleaning: In addition to daily cleaning tasks, a more thorough deep cleaning should be carried out on a weekly basis. This may involve cleaning and sanitizing kitchen equipment, storage areas, and hard-to-reach surfaces that may be overlooked during daily cleanings.

4. Monthly or quarterly deep cleaning: Some areas, such as exhaust hoods, refrigerators, and freezers, may require less frequent deep cleaning but should still be included in a regular cleaning schedule to prevent the buildup of grease, grime, and bacteria.

Ultimately, the frequency of cleaning and sanitizing procedures in a foodservice establishment in Kansas should be based on the specific needs of the establishment, the volume of customers served, and any regulations set forth by local health departments. Regular monitoring and inspection of cleaning practices can help ensure that standards are being met and maintained consistently.

3. What are some common types of sanitizers approved for use in Kansas?

In Kansas, there are several common types of sanitizers that are approved for use in cleaning and sanitizing procedures. These sanitizers are essential in maintaining a safe and hygienic environment, especially in settings such as food establishments, healthcare facilities, and schools. Some common types of sanitizers approved for use in Kansas include:

1. Chlorine-based sanitizers: Chlorine bleach is a widely used sanitizer that is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. It is commonly used in food service establishments for sanitizing food contact surfaces and equipment.

2. Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats): Quats are another type of sanitizer that is commonly used in various settings for their effectiveness against bacteria and viruses. They are often used on non-porous surfaces such as floors, countertops, and equipment.

3. Alcohol-based sanitizers: Alcohol-based sanitizers are commonly used for sanitizing skin and are also effective against a wide range of microorganisms. They are commonly used in healthcare settings, in hand sanitizers, and for sanitizing small surfaces.

It is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for proper dilution rates and contact times when using these sanitizers to ensure their effectiveness in killing pathogens and preventing the spread of infections. Regular training and monitoring of cleaning and sanitizing procedures are crucial to maintaining a safe and healthy environment for both employees and customers.

4. How should food contact surfaces be cleaned and sanitized in Kansas?

Food contact surfaces in Kansas should be cleaned and sanitized thoroughly to ensure the safety of the food being prepared. The following steps should be followed:

1. Rinse: Start by rinsing the surface with water to remove any visible debris or residue.
2. Clean: Use a detergent or soap to scrub the surface and remove grease, dirt, and built-up residue. Make sure to use a clean cloth or scrub brush to scrub thoroughly.
3. Rinse again: After cleaning, rinse the surface with clean water to remove any remaining detergent or soap.
4. Sanitize: Use a sanitizer approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or a mixture of bleach and water to sanitize the surface. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the appropriate dilution ratio and contact time.
5. Air dry: Allow the surface to air dry completely before using it again.

By following these steps, food contact surfaces can be effectively cleaned and sanitized to prevent the risk of contamination and ensure food safety in Kansas.

5. Are there specific guidelines for cleaning and sanitizing procedures in healthcare facilities in Kansas?

Yes, there are specific guidelines for cleaning and sanitizing procedures in healthcare facilities in Kansas. These guidelines are crucial to maintaining a clean and safe environment for patients, healthcare workers, and visitors. Healthcare facilities in Kansas are required to follow standards set by regulatory agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE).

1. Healthcare facilities in Kansas must develop and implement a comprehensive cleaning and sanitizing plan that addresses different areas within the facility, including patient rooms, operating rooms, waiting areas, and restrooms.

2. The cleaning and sanitizing procedures should include the use of EPA-approved disinfectants that are effective against a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

3. Healthcare facilities should also have protocols in place for cleaning and disinfecting medical equipment, devices, and high-touch surfaces such as doorknobs, light switches, and handrails.

4. Staff members should receive training on proper cleaning and sanitizing procedures, including the correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and the importance of following established protocols to prevent the spread of infections.

5. Regular monitoring and auditing of cleaning and sanitizing practices should be conducted to ensure compliance with guidelines and to identify areas for improvement.

6. What are the best practices for training employees on proper cleaning and sanitizing procedures in Kansas?

In Kansas, training employees on proper cleaning and sanitizing procedures is crucial to maintaining a safe and hygienic environment. Here are some best practices for training employees on these procedures:

1. Develop a comprehensive training program: Create a detailed training program that covers the importance of cleaning and sanitizing, different cleaning techniques, proper chemical usage, safety protocols, and regulatory requirements specific to Kansas.
2. Provide hands-on training: Offer hands-on training sessions where employees can practice cleaning and sanitizing techniques under supervision to ensure they understand and can apply the procedures correctly.
3. Use visual aids and demonstrations: Utilize visual aids such as videos, posters, and demonstrations to enhance understanding and retention of the cleaning and sanitizing procedures.
4. Regularly reinforce training: Conduct regular refresher training sessions to reinforce proper cleaning and sanitizing practices and address any gaps or areas for improvement identified during routine inspections.
5. Document training: Keep detailed records of employee training on cleaning and sanitizing procedures to demonstrate compliance with regulations and track employee progress.
6. Encourage open communication: Foster a culture of open communication where employees feel comfortable asking questions, seeking clarification, and reporting any issues or concerns related to cleaning and sanitizing procedures.

By implementing these best practices, businesses in Kansas can ensure that their employees are well-trained and equipped to maintain a clean and safe environment for both customers and staff.

7. How should cleaning and sanitizing procedures differ for different types of surfaces (e.g. stainless steel, wood, laminate) in Kansas?

Cleaning and sanitizing procedures should be tailored to the specific characteristics of different types of surfaces to effectively remove dirt, grime, and harmful pathogens. In Kansas, where environmental factors such as humidity and temperature can vary, it is important to consider the following when cleaning and sanitizing different surfaces:

1. Stainless Steel: Stainless steel surfaces are commonly found in commercial kitchens and food processing facilities due to their durability and resistance to corrosion. When cleaning stainless steel surfaces in Kansas, use a mild detergent and water to remove visible dirt and grease. To sanitize, use a disinfectant specifically formulated for stainless steel surfaces to prevent damage and ensure effective disinfection.

2. Wood: Wood surfaces, such as cutting boards or furniture, require special care to prevent damage and maintain their appearance. In Kansas, where wood can absorb moisture and become a breeding ground for bacteria, it is important to clean wood surfaces with a mild cleaner and water, avoiding harsh chemicals that can strip the surface. To sanitize wood surfaces, use a natural disinfectant like vinegar or tea tree oil, which is safe for use on wood and effective against germs.

3. Laminate: Laminate surfaces, such as countertops or flooring, are popular for their affordability and ease of maintenance. When cleaning laminate surfaces in Kansas, use a gentle cleaner and water to avoid scratching or dulling the surface. To sanitize laminate surfaces, use a disinfectant that is safe for use on laminate and effective against common pathogens found in the Kansas environment.

Overall, it is essential to follow manufacturer recommendations for cleaning and sanitizing different types of surfaces to ensure safety and prevent damage. Additionally, consider the specific environmental conditions in Kansas, such as humidity levels and temperature fluctuations, when selecting cleaning and sanitizing products to maintain a clean and hygienic environment.

8. What are the requirements for keeping cleaning and sanitizing records in Kansas?

In Kansas, there are specific requirements for keeping cleaning and sanitizing records to ensure compliance with regulations and standards. Some key requirements include:

1. Documentation: All cleaning and sanitizing procedures must be clearly documented, including details such as the date and time of cleaning, the cleaning products or sanitizers used, and the areas that were cleaned.

2. Frequency: Records should reflect how often cleaning and sanitizing tasks are performed, especially in high-risk areas such as food preparation areas or medical facilities.

3. Personnel: It is essential to maintain records of the individuals responsible for conducting cleaning and sanitizing tasks, including their training and certification status.

4. Corrective Actions: Records should also include any corrective actions taken in response to failed cleaning or sanitizing procedures to prevent recurring issues.

5. Retention: The state may mandate a specific retention period for these records, so it is crucial to comply with these requirements to demonstrate adherence to regulations during inspections or audits.

By adhering to these requirements for keeping cleaning and sanitizing records in Kansas, businesses can ensure the safety and well-being of their employees and patrons, as well as maintain compliance with state regulations.

9. How can I determine if a cleaning and sanitizing product is approved for use in Kansas?

To determine if a cleaning and sanitizing product is approved for use in Kansas, you should follow these steps:

1. Check the label: Look for an EPA registration number on the label of the product. This number indicates that the product has been approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for use as a disinfectant or sanitizer.

2. Verify with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE): Contact the KDHE to inquire about the list of approved cleaning and sanitizing products for use in Kansas. They may have specific guidelines and regulations that products need to meet in order to be approved for use in the state.

3. Consult with industry organizations: Reach out to industry organizations or associations related to cleaning and sanitizing, as they may have resources or information on approved products for use in specific states, including Kansas.

By following these steps, you can ensure that the cleaning and sanitizing product you’re using meets the necessary requirements and regulations for use in Kansas.

10. Are there specific guidelines for cleaning and sanitizing procedures in schools and childcare facilities in Kansas?

Yes, there are specific guidelines for cleaning and sanitizing procedures in schools and childcare facilities in Kansas. The Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) and the Kansas Department of Education (KDE) provide detailed guidelines for ensuring clean and safe environments for children. Some key points included in these guidelines are:

1. Regular cleaning of high-touch surfaces such as doorknobs, light switches, and toys with soap and water.
2. Use of EPA-approved disinfectants to kill germs on surfaces.
3. Implementation of hand hygiene practices and protocols for staff and children.
4. Proper ventilation of indoor spaces to promote air circulation and reduce the spread of pathogens.
5. Maintenance of cleaning logs and schedules to track cleaning activities.
6. Training staff on proper cleaning and sanitizing procedures to ensure effectiveness and consistency.

Following these guidelines is crucial to maintaining a healthy and safe environment for children and staff in schools and childcare facilities in Kansas.

11. What are the temperature requirements for hot water sanitizing in Kansas?

The temperature requirements for hot water sanitizing in Kansas typically follow the guidelines set by the FDA Food Code, which requires a minimum water temperature of 171°F (77°C) for sanitizing in a dishwasher or three-compartment sink. It is crucial to maintain this temperature for at least 30 seconds to ensure proper sanitization of dishes, utensils, and equipment in food establishments. Failure to comply with these temperature requirements can result in ineffective sanitization, leading to potential foodborne illness outbreaks and violations of health regulations. It is important for food service establishments to regularly monitor and document water temperatures during the sanitizing process to ensure the safety of their customers and compliance with state regulations.

12. How should cleaning and sanitizing procedures be adjusted during an outbreak of a foodborne illness in Kansas?

During an outbreak of a foodborne illness in Kansas, cleaning and sanitizing procedures should be adjusted to prevent further spread of the illness. Here’s how these procedures can be adjusted:

1. Increase frequency: Cleaning and sanitizing should be done more frequently to ensure that any contaminated surfaces or equipment are thoroughly disinfected. This may involve cleaning multiple times a day, especially in high-risk areas such as food preparation areas and utensils.

2. Use appropriate disinfectants: Utilize disinfectants that are effective against the specific pathogen causing the outbreak. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for dilution ratios and contact times to ensure proper disinfection.

3. Implement strict protocols: Implement strict protocols for cleaning and sanitizing surfaces, equipment, and utensils to minimize the risk of cross-contamination. This includes using separate cleaning cloths for different areas and ensuring that all surfaces are thoroughly cleaned before applying sanitizers.

4. Train staff: Provide training for staff on proper cleaning and sanitizing procedures during an outbreak. Emphasize the importance of thorough cleaning and disinfection practices to prevent the spread of the foodborne illness.

5. Monitor effectiveness: Regularly monitor the effectiveness of cleaning and sanitizing procedures by conducting swab tests and visual inspections to ensure that surfaces are adequately cleaned and sanitized.

By adjusting cleaning and sanitizing procedures during a foodborne illness outbreak in Kansas, it is possible to control the spread of the illness and protect public health.

13. Are there regulations on the storage and handling of cleaning and sanitizing products in Kansas?

Yes, there are regulations in place for the storage and handling of cleaning and sanitizing products in Kansas. These regulations are essential to ensure the safety of individuals, prevent accidents, and maintain the effectiveness of the products. Here are some key points related to the storage and handling of cleaning and sanitizing products in Kansas:

1. Proper Labeling: All cleaning and sanitizing products must be clearly labeled with their contents, instructions for use, and any relevant safety precautions.

2. Storage Area Requirements: Cleaning and sanitizing products should be stored in a designated area that is secure, well-ventilated, and away from food, medications, or other sensitive materials.

3. Temperature Control: Some cleaning and sanitizing products may have specific temperature requirements for storage, and it is important to adhere to these guidelines to maintain their effectiveness.

4. Training: Employees who handle cleaning and sanitizing products should receive sufficient training on how to use the products safely and effectively.

5. Spill Response: There should be proper procedures in place for responding to spills of cleaning and sanitizing products to minimize the risk of exposure and damage.

By following these regulations and best practices for the storage and handling of cleaning and sanitizing products, businesses can maintain a safe and hygienic environment while also complying with legal requirements in Kansas.

14. How can I develop a cleaning and sanitizing schedule for my facility in Kansas?

Developing a cleaning and sanitizing schedule for your facility in Kansas requires careful planning and consideration of various factors to ensure a safe and healthy environment for staff and customers. Here are steps you can take to create an effective schedule:

1. Understand the requirements: Familiarize yourself with the specific cleaning and sanitizing regulations set forth by local health departments in Kansas.

2. Identify high-touch surfaces: Determine the areas in your facility that are frequently touched, such as doorknobs, light switches, countertops, and shared equipment.

3. Establish cleaning frequencies: Decide how often each area needs to be cleaned based on its usage and importance in preventing the spread of germs.

4. Select appropriate cleaning products: Choose disinfectants and sanitizers that are certified effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including viruses and bacteria.

5. Train staff: Ensure that your cleaning staff are properly trained on the correct procedures for cleaning and sanitizing, including the proper dilution ratios, contact times, and personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements.

6. Create a schedule: Develop a detailed cleaning and sanitizing schedule that outlines which areas are cleaned, how often they are cleaned, and who is responsible for each task.

7. Implement monitoring procedures: Regularly inspect the facility to ensure that cleaning and sanitizing protocols are being followed correctly and that cleanliness standards are being maintained.

8. Update the schedule as needed: Be flexible and willing to adjust the schedule based on feedback, changes in regulations, or new information about best practices in cleaning and sanitizing.

By following these steps and customizing your cleaning and sanitizing schedule to meet the specific needs of your facility in Kansas, you can help minimize the risk of illness and create a safe and hygienic environment for everyone.

15. What are the consequences of not following proper cleaning and sanitizing procedures in Kansas?

In Kansas, not following proper cleaning and sanitizing procedures can lead to several consequences:

1. Risk of Foodborne Illness: Failure to clean and sanitize properly in food establishments can result in the contamination of food with harmful bacteria, viruses, and parasites. This can lead to foodborne illnesses among customers, which may result in legal issues, reputational damage, and potentially serious health implications.

2. Non-compliance with Regulations: The Kansas Department of Agriculture and local health departments have specific regulations and guidelines in place regarding cleaning and sanitizing procedures in food establishments. Not following these regulations can result in citations, fines, and even closure of the establishment until compliance is achieved.

3. Decreased Customer Satisfaction: Improper cleaning and sanitizing practices can result in food products tasting off or having off-putting odors, which can lead to dissatisfied customers. This can ultimately impact the reputation and success of the establishment.

4. Increased Risk of Cross-Contamination: Failure to properly clean and sanitize surfaces, equipment, and utensils can increase the risk of cross-contamination between raw and ready-to-eat foods. This can lead to the spread of pathogens and increase the likelihood of foodborne illnesses.

Overall, not following proper cleaning and sanitizing procedures in Kansas can have severe consequences for food establishments, including health risks, legal issues, and damage to reputation. It is essential for businesses to prioritize thorough cleaning and sanitizing practices to ensure the safety of their customers and compliance with regulations.

16. Are there specific guidelines for cleaning and sanitizing food transport vehicles in Kansas?

In Kansas, there are specific guidelines outlined by the Kansas Department of Agriculture for cleaning and sanitizing food transport vehicles to ensure food safety and maintain compliance with regulations. These guidelines typically include the following:

1. Pre-cleaning procedures: Before sanitizing, all visible debris, organic matter, and residues should be thoroughly removed from the vehicle surfaces. This can be done using appropriate cleaning agents and equipment.

2. Use of approved sanitizers: Kansas regulations specify the types of sanitizers that are approved for use in food transport vehicles. It is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for dilution, contact time, and application methods to ensure effective sanitization.

3. Cleaning frequency: Food transport vehicles should be cleaned and sanitized regularly to prevent cross-contamination and bacterial growth. The frequency of cleaning may depend on the type of food being transported and the potential risk of contamination.

4. Documentation and record-keeping: It is important to maintain records of cleaning and sanitizing activities for food transport vehicles. This includes documenting the date and time of cleaning, the cleaning products used, and any relevant observations.

Failure to properly clean and sanitize food transport vehicles in accordance with Kansas guidelines can lead to the risk of foodborne illnesses and potential regulatory violations. It is essential for food transport businesses to train their staff on these guidelines and ensure compliance to protect public health and safety.

17. How can I verify the effectiveness of my cleaning and sanitizing procedures in Kansas?

In Kansas, you can verify the effectiveness of your cleaning and sanitizing procedures through several methods:

1. Conducting regular swab tests: Perform surface swab tests to check for the presence of bacteria and other contaminants before and after cleaning to ensure that your procedures are effective.

2. Using ATP testing: Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) tests can measure the levels of organic matter on surfaces, giving you a quantitative assessment of cleanliness.

3. Keeping detailed records: Documenting your cleaning and sanitizing procedures, including the products used, application methods, and frequency of cleaning, will help you track the effectiveness of your efforts over time.

4. Training and observing staff: Provide training to your employees on proper cleaning procedures and periodically observe their practices to ensure they are following protocols correctly.

5. Seeking third-party validation: Consider hiring a professional cleaning service or an independent auditor to evaluate the efficacy of your cleaning and sanitizing procedures.

By implementing these verification methods, you can ensure that your cleaning and sanitizing procedures meet the necessary standards for maintaining a clean and safe environment in Kansas.

18. What resources are available to help me stay informed about cleaning and sanitizing regulations in Kansas?

In Kansas, there are several resources available to help individuals stay informed about cleaning and sanitizing regulations. These resources include:

1. Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE): The KDHE oversees public health initiatives in the state, including regulations related to cleaning and sanitizing. They often provide guidelines, regulations, and updates regarding best practices for maintaining a safe and healthy environment.

2. Kansas Department of Agriculture (KDA): The KDA also plays a role in regulating cleaning and sanitizing processes, particularly in food production environments. They offer information and resources related to sanitation practices in agricultural and food processing settings.

3. Professional associations: Industry-specific organizations and associations can be valuable sources of information on cleaning and sanitizing regulations. Membership in groups such as the Kansas Restaurant & Hospitality Association or the Building Service Contractors Association International can provide access to resources, training, and updates on best practices in cleaning and sanitizing.

4. Workshops and training programs: Many organizations offer workshops, training programs, and webinars on cleaning and sanitizing procedures in Kansas. These sessions often cover relevant regulations, best practices, and updates on industry standards.

By using these available resources, individuals can stay informed about the latest cleaning and sanitizing regulations in Kansas, ensuring compliance with state guidelines and maintaining a safe and hygienic environment.

19. Are there specific guidelines for cleaning and sanitizing procedures in public restrooms in Kansas?

Yes, there are specific guidelines for cleaning and sanitizing procedures in public restrooms in Kansas. The Kansas Department of Health and Environment provides detailed recommendations to ensure proper cleanliness and sanitation in public restrooms. Some key guidelines include:

1. Use EPA-approved disinfectants: It is important to use disinfectants that are approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for effectively killing germs and bacteria in public restrooms.

2. Regular cleaning schedule: Establish a regular cleaning schedule to ensure that public restrooms are cleaned and sanitized frequently throughout the day.

3. Focus on high-touch surfaces: Pay special attention to high-touch surfaces such as doorknobs, faucet handles, toilet flush handles, and light switches, as these areas are hot spots for germs.

4. Use proper cleaning techniques: Train cleaning staff on the proper techniques for cleaning and sanitizing restrooms, including using clean tools and equipment, wearing appropriate personal protective equipment, and following recommended cleaning procedures.

5. Maintain adequate ventilation: Ensure that restrooms are adequately ventilated to help reduce the spread of airborne germs and odors.

By following these guidelines and implementing a thorough cleaning and sanitizing protocol, public restrooms in Kansas can be kept hygienic and safe for all visitors.

20. What are the best practices for conducting a cleaning and sanitizing audit in Kansas?

1. Conducting a cleaning and sanitizing audit in Kansas involves several important best practices to ensure that facilities meet regulatory requirements and maintain a safe environment for employees and customers. Firstly, it is essential to familiarize yourself with the specific regulations and guidelines set forth by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) regarding cleaning and sanitizing procedures.

2. When conducting an audit, start by reviewing the existing cleaning and sanitizing protocols in place at the facility. This includes examining the cleaning products and sanitizers being used, as well as the frequency and methods of cleaning various areas of the facility.

3. During the audit, inspect the cleanliness of surfaces, equipment, and high-touch areas such as door handles, countertops, and restroom facilities. Look for any visible signs of dirt, grime, or buildup that indicate inadequate cleaning practices.

4. Verify that cleaning staff are properly trained on the correct procedures for using cleaning chemicals and sanitizers, including dilution ratios and contact times. Ensure that they are following manufacturer instructions for all cleaning products used.

5. Evaluate the overall hygiene practices within the facility, including handwashing stations, food preparation areas, and storage practices for cleaning supplies. Proper storage of cleaning chemicals is crucial to prevent contamination and ensure safety.

6. Lastly, document your findings and provide recommendations for any areas that require improvement. Work with facility management to develop a plan for addressing any deficiencies and conduct follow-up audits to ensure compliance with cleaning and sanitizing best practices in Kansas.